Primula acaulis(L.) L. - Common Primrose
Scientific Description:
Acaulescent (rarely caulescent) efarinose, glabrous or pilose perennial, 3−20 cm, with a stout rhizome (to 12 cm) and numerous rather fleshy roots. Leaves 2−30 × 1−9 cm, broadly obovate-spathulate to oblanceolate, gradually narrowing below into a somewhat winged petiole, glabrous or shortly pilose, occasionally more densely so beneath, margin shallowly crenate-dentate to dentate. Inflorescence sessile, few to many flowered. Pedicels 1.5−16 cm. Calyx 9−21 mm, cylindrical, divided to ¼−½ into narrow-triangular often acuminate lobes. Corolla tube 12−21 mm, ± equal to or longer than calyx, lobes (3−)5−16 mm, obcordate, yellow, pink, mauve or white, with a deep yellow or orange eye. Capsule shorter than calyx.
subsp. acaulis
Flowers yellow, occasionally white; plants from N. & S. Turkey at altitudes from 500−2100 m.
subsp. rubra (Sm.) Greuter&Burdet
Flowers pink to mauve, occasionally white; plants from N. Turkey at altitudes from s.l−850 m (−2200)
Flowering time: March−June.
Habitat: Often damp places in open or shady turf slopes, evergreen or deciduous woodland, alpine meadows, 500-2100 m.
Reference:
Lamond J (1978). Primula vulgaris Huds., In: Davis PH (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 6: 113–114.
Public Description:
Primula vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, commonly known as “common primrose” or “english primrose”, grows naturally in western and southern Europe, northwest Africa (Algeria), and southwest Asia (Türkiye east to Iran). It is a perennial herb shorter than 20 cm in length and has yellow, pink, lilac or white colored flowers and leaves in the form of a rosette. It blooms between March and June, and is often found in damp places in open or shady turf slopes, evergreen or deciduous woodland, alpine meadows. The hybrids of this species are widely used as ornamental plants. Plants sold under the names “Polyanthus” in the market, refers to various multicoloured strains of Primula acaulis x Primula veris hybrids.
References:
Anonymous 1 (2016). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula_vulgaris/,Accessed date: 15.04.2016.
Anonymous 2 (2016). https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/search/?q=primula/,Accessed date: 15.04.2016.
Coşkunçelebi K (2012). Primula L., In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds.), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul, pp. 770–771.