CAMPANULAL. - BELL FLOWER
Scientific Description:
Annuals, biennials or perennials with often thickened rhizomes or roots. Inflorescence 1-to many-flowered. Calyx 5-fid, with or without reflexed appendages between lobes. Corolla 5-lobed, variously campanulate, cylindrical, infundibular or rotate, usually blue, violet or lilac, divided to ¾. Anthers free, rarely partly connate only in younger flowers. Ovary 3−or 5−, rarely 2-locular. Style without disc at base, with 2−, 3−or 5-fid stigma. Capsule erect or nodding, dehiscing by 2, 3 or 5 basal, lateral ( ± median) or subapical pores or valves, rarely dehiscing irregularly or without sign of dehiscence.
Reference:
Damboldt J (1978). Campanula L., In: Davis PH (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 6: 2.
Public Description:
Campanula is a genus of annual, biennial or perennial herbs commonly known as “bell flower” and distributed across the temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The range also extends into mountains in tropical regions of Asia and Africa, with the highest diversity in the Mediterranean region east to the Caucasus. There are approximately 440 species in the world and 123 species (133 taxa) in Türkiye. The bell flowers vary in habit from dwarf arctic and alpine species under 5 cm high, to large temperate grassland and woodland species growing to 2 metres tall. It takes both its common and its scientific name from its bell-shaped flowers “campanula” is Latin for "little bell". There is lots of cultivars in this genus.
References:
Anonymous 1 (2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campanula, Accessed date: 29.12.2015.
Anonymous 2 (2015). http://www.bluestoneperennials.com/perennials/Campanula.html, Accessed date: 29.12.2015.
Anonymous 3 (2015). http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Campanulaceae/Campanula/, Accessed date: 29.12.2015.
İkinci N (2012). Campanula L., In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds.), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul, pp. 303–310.
