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Reseda luteolaL. - Yellow Weld
Scientific Description:
Erect, glabrous, biennial, up to 1 m tall, strict. Leaves all entire. Racemes dense, spicate, with many erect, shortly pedicellate flowers. Sepals 4, persistent in fruit. Petals 4, yellow; the single back petal clawed with the limb 4−8 lobed; the 2 lateral petals usually clawed with limbs from entire to 4-lobed; the single front petal often clawless and usually entire. Capsules erect, subglobose, wrinkled or rugose, the stigmatic lobes prominent. Seeds smooth, about 1 mm.
Flowering time: June−July.
Habitat: Fields, slopes and rocky places, often weedy, 800−1500 m.
Reference:
Coode MJE (1965). Reseda luteola L., In: Davis PH (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1: 505.
Public Description:
Reseda luteola, known as “yellow weld” or “weld”, is native to Eurasia and can be found in North America as an introduced species and common weed. It is a biennial plant with yellow flowers, up to 1 meter in length. It blooms between June and July, and is found in fields, slopes and rocky places, often as field weed. It was used as a sedative and a treatment for bruises during the Roman period. Up to the first millennium BC yellow dye was obtained from the roots of yellow weld. This Mediterranean herb is the oldest yellow dye plant in the world. It was a favoured dye in Persia in the Dark Ages and widely use in Europe in the Middle Ages. The use of this dye was abandoned at the beginning of the 20th century, when cheaper synthetic yellow colors were used.
References:
Anonymous 1 (2016). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reseda_luteola /,Accessed date: 21.05.2016.
Anonymous 2 (2016). http://www.seedaholic.com/reseda-luteola-dyers-weld.html / ,Accessed date: 21.05.2016.
Kanoğlu S S (2012). Reseda L., In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds.), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul, pp. 787–788.