CARPINUSL. - HORNBEAMS
Scientific Description:
Trees or rarely shrubs. Leaves simple, biserrate. Buds fusiform, acute, adpressed to shoots. Male flowers 1 in the axil of each bract in pendent catkins; bracteoles and perianth absent. Male catkins appearing in spring; bracts longer than broad, hairy. Female flowers 2 in axil of each bract; bracteoles present; perianth small, irregularly lobed, epigynous. Fruit a nut, ovoid, compressed, longitudinally ribbed, subtended by 3-lobed or serrate involucre formed from 3 bracteoles.
Reference:
Yaltırık F (1982). Carpinus L., In: Davis PH (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 7: 683.
Public Description:
Caprinus is a genus of small hardwood trees, known as “hornbeams”, and is distributed across much of the north temperate regions, with the greatest number of species in east Asia. There are approximately 42 species in the world and 2 species (2 taxa) in Türkiye. Due to the fact that they have hard timber, the name "ironwood" is given to this genus. It is suitable for decorative use because the dried state is usually white. It is also used in the construction of parquet flooring and chess stones.
References:
Anonymous 1 (2016). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbeam/, Accessed date: 05.02.2016.
Anonymous 2 (2016). http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Betulaceae/Carpinus/, Accessed date: 05.02.2016.
Aksoy N (2012). Caprinus L., In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds.), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul, pp. 219.
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