Plantago majorL. - Broadleaf Plantain
Scientific Description:
Perennial, (4−)10−50(−70) cm, with one or few rosettes. Leaves 3−37 × 1−11.5 cm, lamina elliptic-ovate to rotund-ovate, ± entire, irregularly dentate or undulate, petiole often equalling lamina. Scapes 3−30 cm, slightly sulcate or striate, equalling or exceeding leaves, shortly hairy. Spike 4−40 cm, narrowly cylindrical, lax at base but otherwise dense. Lower bracts 2−2.5 mm, longer than sepals, upper 1 mm, shorter than sepals, ovate, glabrous. Sepals 2−2.5 mm, subequal, glabrous, green. Corolla tube 2.5−3 mm, glabrous; lobes less than 1 mm, triangular. Capsule 2−4 mm, ovoid-conical. Seeds 6−30, trigonous, ellipsoid.
subsp. major L
Leaves 5−9-veined, ± cordate at base, thick, dark green, glabrescent; seeds (6−)10−13.
Flowering time: June−August.
Habitat: Stream-and riversides, ditches, pathsides, arable land, pasture, waste places, s.l.−2440 m.
Reference:
Tutel B (1982). Plantago major L., In: Davis PH (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 7: 507.
Public Description:
Plantago major subsp. major, common name “broadleaf plantain”, is native to most of Europe and northern and central Asia, but has widely naturalised elsewhere in the world. It is a perennial herbaceous plant with a rosette leaves on the base and a dense spike that is composed of very small greenish-brown flowers on a thin stem. Scientific studies have shown that broadleaf plantain extract has a wide range of biological effects, including wound healing activity, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, immuno modulating and antiulcerogenic activity.
References:
Anonymous 1 (2016). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantago_major/,Accessed date: 03.03.2016.
Anonymous 2 (2016). http://www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Plantago+major/,Accessed date: 03.03.2016.
Anonymous 3 (2016). https://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/p/placom43.html/,Accessed date: 03.03.2016.
Uzunhisarcıklı EM (2012). Plantago L., In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds.), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul, pp. 675–677.