CONIUML. - POISON-HEMLOCK
Scientific Description:
Annual or biennial herb. Basal leaves 2−4-pinnate. Upper stem leaves opposite, ternate. Bracts and bracteoles present. Sepals absent. Petals white. Fruit broadly ovate to suborbicular, laterally compressed, glabrous; mericarps incurved, ridges prominent. Vittae absent. − Monotypic.
Reference:
Stevens PF (1972). Conium L., In: Davis PH (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh University Press, Edinurgh, 4: 380.
Public Description:
Conium is a genus of annual or biennial herbs, commonly known as “poison-hemlock”, and is native in temperate regions of Europe, Western Asia, North and South Africa.. There are 4 species in the world and 1 species (1 taxon) in Türkiye. They have white flowers which are arranged like an umbrella. Some species, especially Conium maculatum L., are highly poisonous enough to kill small animals, even with a few drops. In traditional folk medicine, poison hemlock is used as sedative and antispasmodic, but overdose uses affect movement center, causing paralysis and even death.
References:
Anonymous 1 (2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conium, Accessed date: 19.12.2015.
Anonymous 2 (2015). http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Apiaceae/Conium/, Accessed date: 19.12.2015.
Anonymous 3 (2015). https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/genus/conium/, Accessed date: 19.12.2015.
Radulovıć NS,. Đorđevıć ND (2011). Steroids from poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.):a GC–MS analysis. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 76 (11) 1471–1483.
Menemen Y (2012). Conium L., In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds.), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul, pp. 57.
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